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Philip Harry Cummings (1906-1991) was a world traveler, teacher of Modern Languages, and paid lecturer and news analyst. He was born and grew up in Hardwick, Vermont. He received a B.A. in Modern Languages from Rollins College in 1929, and an M.A. in Spanish from Middlebury College, 1932. He began but did not complete a Ph.D. at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. One article from his research there was published in the professional journal ''Hispania''.〔"Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer as a Journalist: A Study in Particular of His Editorial Work in ''El Museo Universal'' during 1866," ''Hispania'', vol. 20, no. 1, February 1937, pp. 31-36. (There are multiple magazines called ''Hispania''; the ISSN number of this one is 0018-2133.)〕 Cummings was a great traveler and made sixteen transatlantic crossings between ages 19 and 29.〔Patricia Billingsley, "Philip H. Cummings. Travel," http://philipcummings.net/travels.php, retrieved 2014-08-30〕 He is remembered as a remarkable (positive) character, the sort of man you never forget.〔See Eisenberg's introduction cited in the following note.〕 Cummings sometimes wrote to important people, including the eminent Spanish scholar Miguel de Unamuno, "cold" and was able to meet them. He was introduced to Alfonso XIII, King of Spain at court and got to know the Spanish Royal Family and the Duke of Alba. One of the most important episodes in Cummings's life was the ten days he spent with his friend and lover, Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca, in August 1929. The two met in Madrid in 1928 and spent another brief time together when Lorca was en route to New York in June 1929. At the conclusion of the Columbia University summer session of 1929, Lorca went by train to Burlington, Vermont, and from there to the Cummings family's summer rental cottage in Eden Mills, Vermont.〔Introduction. ''Songs'', translated by Philip Cummings with the assistance of Federico García Lorca, edited and introduced by Daniel Eisenberg, Pittsburgh, Duquesne University Press, 1976, ISBN 039100414X〕 During that visit, Cummings translated Lorca's book ''Canciones'' (''Songs'') into English, with Lorca's advice on key points. This is the only translation of Lorca's work into any language in which he is known to have participated.〔''Songs'', translated by Philip Cummings with the assistance of Federico García Lorca, edited and introduced by Daniel Eisenberg, Pittsburgh, Duquesne University Press, 1976, ISBN 039100414X〕 During this period, Lorca also wrote several poems that became part of his book ''Poeta en Nueva York''.〔For details on these poems and their dates of composition, see Federico García Lorca, ''Poeta en Nueva York''. Primera edición del original con introducción y notas de Andrew A. Anderson, Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2013, ISBN 9788415472872.〕 Cummings and Lorca renewed their friendship in the fall of 1930 when Cummings returned to Madrid on a IIE fellowship. He returned to the United States abruptly the following spring on the advice of his IIE sponsors, just before Alfonso XIII left the throne. There is no evidence that Cummings ever saw Lorca again, although they may have continued to exchange letters. Cummings claimed to have destroyed an autobiographical manuscript that Lorca left with him in 1929, but there is no independent evidence that the manuscript ever existed, and Cummings is far from a reliable source.〔Daniel Eisenberg, ''"Poeta en Nueva York": Historia y problemas de un texto de Lorca'', Barcelona: Ariel, 1976, p. 181, n. 155; book archived at http://cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01259079832031506098102/〕 In the midst of the Great Depression, Cummings was happy to get a job teaching Spanish, French, and German at the Valley Ranch School for Boys in Cody, Wyoming. He kept a detailed diary of his first year there. One portion, dealing with a school holiday visit to the South Dakota capital, Pierre, has been published,〔"Capital City Sojourn: The Pierre Journal of Philip H. Cummings, December 1932 to January 1933," edited and introduced by Patricia A. Billingsley, ''South Dakota History'', vol. 39, no. 2, Summer 2009, pp. 95-165.〕 and the rest is being prepared for publication. The school closed in 1934. Starting in 1938, Cummings began a new career as a paid lecturer and news analyst. He was represented by various agencies; in the 1950s he was represented by the W. Colston Leigh agency of New York, Washington, and San Francisco, where he joined a roster of speakers that included such famous names as David Brinkley, Vance Packard, and Eleanor Roosevelt. Cummings's appeal as a lecturer was reflected in his billing as the agency's top repeat speaker on world affairs.〔Patricia Billingsley, "Career", http://philipcummings.net/career.php, retrieved 2014-08-30.〕 He made his home for many years in Woodstock, Vermont. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip Cummings」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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